Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma: Disease Overview and Evolving Treatment Landscape

Disease Overview

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma‑cell disorder characterized by clonal proliferation within the bone marrow and the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin in the serum and/or urine. The disease ultimately leads to end‑organ damage—most commonly renal impairment, anemia, hypercalcemia, and osteolytic bone lesions—driven by both tumor burden and the surrounding microenvironment.¹

Despite significant therapeutic progress over the past decade, MM remains a chronically relapsing and ultimately incurable disease.^2,3 With each line of therapy, treatment responses tend to shorten and resistance becomes more pronounced, underscoring the continuous need for novel strategies that can address emerging refractory disease.

Treatment Landscape and Unmet need in Relapsed/Refractory MM


In the frontline setting, current standards of care frequently incorporate lenalidomide‑based regimens and anti‑CD38 monoclonal antibody–containing combinations, administered as triplet or quadruplet therapies. As a result, an increasing proportion of patients experience relapse with dual refractoriness— specifically, to lenalidomide and anti‑CD38 mAbs as early as second line.^4-5

This evolving treatment pattern highlights a critical unmet need: effective, well‑tolerated therapeutic options that spare both lenalidomide and anti‑CD38 antibodies, enabling optimal sequencing throughout the MM treatment continuum.